In the context of the growing demand for renewable energy, the development of photovoltaic technologies has evolved rapidly. One of the most important technical decisions in the design phase of a solar park is the choice between fixed structures and solar tracker systems (solar tracking). This article analyzes the advantages, disadvantages, and applicability of each solution to help you make the best decision based on the specifics of your project.

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What are fixed structures for photovoltaic panels?

Fixed structures are rigid supports that fix the solar panels at an optimal angle set, without altering their orientation during the day.

Advantages of fixed structures:

• Lower costs: Lower purchase and installation price compared to mobile systems.

• Reliability: No moving parts, thus a lower risk of mechanical failures.

• Minimal maintenance: Requires fewer interventions over time.

• Shorter installation time.

Disadvantages of fixed structures:

• Limited efficiency: Panels capture less sunlight throughout the day compared to trackers.

• Reduced yield in winter: With the sun being lower in the sky, the fixed angle can become inefficient.

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What are photovoltaic systems with trackers?

Solar trackers are motorized systems that follow the movement of the sun across the sky to maximize solar radiation capture.

Types of trackers:

• Single-axis tracker: Panels rotate from east to west.

• Dual-axis tracker: Panels follow both the sun's movement from east to west and the variation in height (solar altitude).

Advantages of trackers:

• Increased efficiency by 15–35% compared to fixed structures.

• Superior yield in all seasons.

• Faster payback in areas with high solar irradiation.

Disadvantages:

• Higher initial costs.

• Periodic maintenance required.

• Risk of mechanical damage in areas with strong winds.

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Comparison: Tracker vs Fixed – What do we choose?

Characteristic Fixed Structure Solar Tracker

Initial investment Low Medium - High

Yield Stable, lower Superior, dynamic

Maintenance costs Minimal Moderate

Lifetime Over 25 years Over 20 years

Payback time 8–10 years 6–8 years

Adaptation to terrain Easy Requires precision

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Conclusion: What is the ideal solution for solar parks?

• For small projects or difficult terrains, fixed structures remain a safe, reliable, and economical solution.

• For medium and large investments in areas with high irradiation, tracker systems can provide increased yield and a faster ROI, even if they involve a higher initial investment.

The ideal decision depends on the financial analysis, the specifics of the land, and climatic conditions. A well-calculated project can turn any choice into a profitable investment.